What this chapter will buildSeparate measured biological processes from questions about reference, interpretation and function.
Start here — no earlier chapter is needed.
What biosemiotics investigatesPlanned
Locate sign relations across cells, organisms and environments.
Signals cues and signsPlanned
Compare biological and semiotic uses of these terms.
Cause function and interpretationPlanned
Describe different explanatory questions about one event.
Observable response and proposed meaningPlanned
State which part is measured and which is inferred.
Levels of biological organisationPlanned
Choose the level at which a claim can be tested.